Lesson 2. Road users

Almost every exam question opens with a category: a cyclist, a moped rider, a pedestrian, a tram. And the rule that decides the answer addresses a category too — «bestuurders», «weggebruikers», «motorvoertuigen». Get the category wrong and you apply a perfectly good rule to the wrong person. That is why this lesson comes before the rules themselves: first know who is out there, then what they must do.

These categories do not come from everyday speech but from art. 1 RVV 1990. That article is one long list of definitions, and the exam tests the list literally: how many people an autobus carries, where the line for a vrachtauto runs, why a snorfiets is legally a moped and still follows different rules.

The three words everything rests on

Three definitions in art. 1 together decide whom a rule applies to.

Weggebruiker, road user, is the widest circle: «weggebruikers: voetgangers, fietsers, bromfietsers, bestuurders van een gehandicaptenvoertuig, van een motorvoertuig of van een tram, ruiters, geleiders van rij- of trekdieren of vee en bestuurders van een bespannen of onbespannen wagen». Everyone on the road, including anyone on foot.

Bestuurder, driver, is the same circle minus one group: «bestuurders: alle weggebruikers behalve voetgangers». A cyclist is a driver. A horse rider is a driver. So is someone driving cattle. «It is only a bicycle» is not an argument: wherever the law says «bestuurders», the cyclist is included.

Voertuig, vehicle, is narrower than it looks: «voertuigen: fietsen, bromfietsen, gehandicaptenvoertuigen, motorvoertuigen, trams en wagens». And inside it sits a tighter circle still: «motorvoertuigen: alle gemotoriseerde voertuigen behalve bromfietsen, fietsen met trapondersteuning en gehandicaptenvoertuigen, bestemd om anders dan langs rails te worden voortbewogen». So the moped is a vehicle but not a motor vehicle, and the tram drops out because it runs on rails. Art. 1 closes with a short line: «verkeer: alle weggebruikers».

Exam situation: a question says a rule applies «voor bestuurders» and shows a cyclist at a junction. Does the rule bite? Yes — the cyclist is a driver. If the same question shows someone wheeling a bicycle along, the answer is no: that person counts as a pedestrian.

The trap is the word «motorvoertuig». A rule about motor vehicles reaches the car, the motorcycle and the lorry, but not the moped and not the cyclist. Read which word is printed, and only then decide.

The pedestrian — and who counts as one

The pedestrian is the only road user who is not a driver, and art. 2 widens the group. Lid 1: the rules on pedestrians also apply to drivers of a disability vehicle as soon as they use the footway or pavement, or cross from one footway or pavement to another. Lid 2 is the famous one: «De regels van dit besluit betreffende voetgangers zijn voorts mede van toepassing op personen die te voet een motorfiets, bromfiets of fiets aan de hand meevoeren, alsmede op personen die zich verplaatsen met behulp van voorwerpen, niet zijnde voertuigen.» Get off and push your moped and you are a pedestrian; skates and a kick scooter fall under the same sentence.

Where the pedestrian belongs is in art. 4: «Voetgangers gebruiken het trottoir of het voetpad.» If there is neither, the cycle path or the cycle/moped path (lid 2); if that is missing too, the verge or the extreme edge of the carriageway (lid 3). So a pedestrian on the carriageway outside a built-up area is usually not an offender — that is his lawful place, and you must expect him. Skaters and kick-scooter riders do not follow that order: art. 4 lid 4 takes them out of lid 1 and lid 2 and gives them the cycle path, the cycle/moped path, the pavement or the footway — a free choice — and only when all of that is missing, the carriageway.

Sign G07 marks a footway: for the ordinary driver that road is closed, and for the cyclist too. One group does belong there: art. 7 gives the footway expressly to the driver of a disability vehicle, and there the rules for pedestrians apply to him (art. 2 lid 1). Its mirror image is C16.

Exam situation: outside the built-up area, no pavement, no usable verge, and someone is walking along the edge of the carriageway. Is that allowed? Yes, art. 4 assigns him exactly that place. Pass with room and at a speed that fits.

Trap: thinking that someone wheeling a bicycle is «half a cyclist». For the law he is fully a pedestrian — he may use the zebra crossing and the footway, and the rules for cyclists do not touch him.

The cyclist

The cyclist is a driver, and his place is in art. 5: «Fietsers gebruiken het verplichte fietspad of het fiets/bromfietspad» (lid 1); if there is neither, the carriageway (lid 2). The compulsory cycle path is marked by sign G11.

Alongside the compulsory path there is the optional cycle path, sign G13. Art. 5 lid 3: «Zij mogen het onverplichte fietspad gebruiken. Bestuurders van snorfietsen uitgerust met een verbrandingsmotor mogen het onverplichte fietspad slechts gebruiken met uitgeschakelde motor.» Optional means optional: a cyclist who stays on the carriageway next to such a path is doing nothing wrong.

Two rules the exam likes to combine. Art. 3 lid 2: «Fietsers mogen met zijn tweeën naast elkaar rijden. Dit geldt niet voor snorfietsers.» And art. 5 lid 4: «Bestuurders van fietsen op meer dan twee wielen die met inbegrip van de lading breder zijn dan 0,75 meter en van fietsen met aanhangwagen die met inbegrip van de lading breder zijn dan 0,75 meter mogen de rijbaan gebruiken.» A wide cargo bike is not supposed to be squeezed onto a narrow path.

On the carriageway itself art. 10 lid 2 applies: «Andere bestuurders dan fietsers en bestuurders van een gehandicaptenvoertuig mogen fietsstroken met doorgetrokken strepen niet gebruiken.» The cycle lane is part of the carriageway, but it is not yours.

Exam situation: you approach two cyclists riding side by side on a carriageway with no cycle path. Allowed? Yes, art. 3 lid 2 says so in as many words. Two snorfiets riders side by side is not allowed — the same sentence excludes them.

The bromfiets: yellow plate

The moped has a path of its own. Art. 6 lid 1: «Bromfietsers gebruiken het fiets/bromfietspad.» And lid 2: «Zij gebruiken de rijbaan indien een fiets/bromfietspad ontbreekt.» The ordinary cycle path is not his, however often a bicycle appears on the sign. The cycle/moped path is sign G12a.

Lid 3 takes the wide ones off that path: «Bestuurders van bromfietsen op meer dan twee wielen en bromfietsen met aanhangwagen, die met inbegrip van de lading breder zijn dan 0,75 meter, gebruiken de rijbaan.»

His speed hangs on where he rides, not on a sign. Art. 20 onderdeel b covers the built-up area: «voor bromfietsen en gehandicaptenvoertuigen, uitgerust met een motor: 1. op het fiets/bromfietspad 30 km per uur; 2. op de rijbaan 45 km per uur;». Outside the built-up area art. 21 onderdeel b says the same thing with different figures: 40 on the cycle/moped path and 45 on the carriageway.

Motorways are closed to him, and not by a sign. Art. 42 lid 1: «Het gebruik van de autosnelweg is slechts toegestaan voor bestuurders van een motorvoertuig waarmee met een snelheid van ten minste 60 km per uur mag en kan worden gereden.» Lid 2 sets the bar for the autoweg at 50. The moped clears neither — and on top of that it is not a motor vehicle at all.

Parking works differently too. Art. 27: «Fietsen en bromfietsen worden geplaatst op het trottoir, op het voetpad of in de berm dan wel op andere door het bevoegde gezag aangewezen plaatsen.» A car bay is therefore not his place, registration plate or no registration plate.

Two special shapes belong here. The brommobiel, the microcar, is under art. 1 a «bromfiets op meer dan twee wielen, die is voorzien van een carrosserie», and art. 2a lays on it the rules for motor vehicles instead of those for mopeds: so it uses the carriageway and not the path. Its own maximum stands apart in art. 22 onderdeel c: 45 km per hour. The speed-pedelec is under art. 1 an «elektrische bromfiets met trapondersteuning waarvan de aandrijfkracht aanhoudt als het voertuig de snelheid van 25 km per uur overschrijdt» — legally a moped, therefore plate, helmet and the moped's place on the road. Finally the brombakfiets is a moped on three symmetrically placed wheels with two front wheels, built solely to carry the rider, goods and possibly a passenger seated behind the rider — that passenger comes back later, at the helmet.

Exam situation: you are riding a moped inside the built-up area on the cycle/moped path and there is no speed sign anywhere. What may you do? Thirty. The sign is not missing by accident: the law itself names the figure here.

Trap: memorising one number for the moped. There are four, and the question is always the same one — inside or outside the built-up area, path or carriageway.

The snorfiets: blue plate

The snorfiets is not a «slow moped» but a category of its own with a plate of its own. Art. 1 calls it a «bromfiets die blijkens de gegevens in het kentekenregister is geconstrueerd voor een maximumsnelheid die niet meer bedraagt dan 25 km per uur, met uitzondering van de speed-pedelec».

Its speed is in art. 22 onderdeel d: «voor snorfietsen 25 km per uur». That 25 holds everywhere — on the path, on the carriageway, inside and outside the built-up area. Its place is filed not with the moped but with the cyclist, and that is done by art. 2b: «De regels van dit besluit betreffende fietsen en fietsers zijn, in plaats van de regels betreffende bromfietsen en bromfietsers, mede van toepassing op snorfietsen en snorfietsers, tenzij anders is bepaald.» So it rides where the cyclist rides: the compulsory cycle path or the cycle/moped path (art. 5 lid 1), and otherwise the carriageway (lid 2). Art. 5 lid 3 lets it use the optional cycle path as well, and with a combustion engine only with the engine switched off. And «tenzij anders is bepaald» is the rest of this section: riding two abreast is out (art. 3 lid 2), its maximum stays 25, and it does wear the helmet (art. 60).

One exception counts above all in the big cities. Art. 5 lid 8: «Bestuurders van snorfietsen gebruiken de rijbaan indien dit bij verkeersbesluit, bedoeld in artikel 15, eerste lid, van de wet, is bepaald en bij het verkeersteken dat het verplichte fietspad aangeeft een onderbord dit aanduidt.» The sub-plate under the sign for the compulsory cycle path is the only marker: without it the snorfiets stays on the path.

Where it may not go is stated by sign C13: «Gesloten voor bromfietsen, snorfietsen en gehandicaptenvoertuigen, met in werking zijnde motor» — closed to mopeds, snorfiets and disability vehicles with the engine running. The last words count, and the comma puts them behind all three categories: with the engine off you may pass on foot or on the pedals.

Exam situation: a snorfiets overtakes you on the optional cycle path and you can hear its engine running. Is that correct? Only if it is electric. With a combustion engine art. 5 lid 3 makes the switched-off engine a condition, not a piece of advice.

Trap: treating snorfiets and bromfiets as one thing. Two plate colours, two places on the road, two speeds — and different rules on riding side by side.

The gehandicaptenvoertuig

Art. 1 defines this vehicle by three requirements at once: «voertuig dat is ingericht voor het vervoer van een gehandicapte, niet breder is dan 1,10 meter en niet is uitgerust met een motor, dan wel is uitgerust met een motor waarvan de door de constructie bepaalde maximumsnelheid niet meer dan 45 km per uur bedraagt, en geen bromfiets is». So it is not a motor vehicle, and that changes which rules reach it.

Its place is the widest of all categories. Art. 7: «Bestuurders van een gehandicaptenvoertuig gebruiken het trottoir, het voetpad, het fietspad, het fiets/bromfietspad of de rijbaan.» When it uses the pavement or the footway, art. 2 lid 1 makes the pedestrian rules apply to it, and its speed there is under art. 20 onderdeel c and art. 21 onderdeel c 6 km per hour. On the other surfaces the moped's figures apply to it: inside the built-up area 30 on the cycle path and on the cycle/moped path and 45 on the carriageway, outside it 40 and 40 and the same 45 (art. 20 onderdeel b, art. 21 onderdeel b). Sign C15 shuts it out together with bicycles and mopeds.

Exam situation: a disability vehicle crosses from one pavement to the other. What is it at that moment? A pedestrian — art. 2 lid 1 says so in as many words: «of van het ene naar het andere voetpad of trottoir oversteken». Note the difference with art. 49 lid 2: there the law names it precisely next to the pedestrian, because that duty is written out for both groups separately.

Trap: being surprised that it rides on the pavement and assuming it is in the wrong. Art. 7 gives the choice to its driver; you adjust.

Motorcycle, car, van, lorry, bus

This whole group shares one place rule. Art. 10 lid 1: «Andere bestuurders dan die genoemd in de artikelen 5 tot en met 8 gebruiken de rijbaan.» The car is therefore what remains after the law has listed the special road users, not the starting point.

Art. 1 then draws the borders inside the group:

• motorfiets, motorcycle: «motorvoertuig op twee wielen al dan niet met zijspan- of aanhangwagen».
• personenauto, passenger car, and driewielig motorvoertuig: for both art. 1 refers to artikel 1.1 of the Regeling voertuigen.
• bestelauto, van: «motorvoertuig, bestemd voor het vervoer van goederen, waarvan de toegestane maximum massa niet meer bedraagt dan 3500 kg».
• vrachtauto, lorry: «motorvoertuig, niet ingericht voor het vervoer van personen, waarvan de toegestane maximum massa meer bedraagt dan 3500 kg». The line is the permitted mass, not the look of the thing.
• autobus, bus or coach: «motorvoertuig, ingericht voor het vervoer van meer dan acht personen, de bestuurder daaronder niet begrepen».
• lijnbus, scheduled service bus: «motorvoertuig, gebezigd voor het verrichten van openbaar vervoer in de zin van de Wet personenvervoer 2000». Not every bus is a lijnbus, and that difference is what bus lanes and matrix signs are talking about.
• T100-bus: a coach which, according to the registration certificate or the register, «in aanmerking komt voor een maximumsnelheid van 100 kilometer per uur».

Exam situation: a delivery van with advertising on the side is driving outside the built-up area. Which limit? That depends on the permitted maximum mass, not on the size: up to and including 3500 kg it is a bestelauto, above that a vrachtauto with its own special maximum.

Trap: «a bus is a bus». The autobus, the lijnbus and the T100-bus are three different concepts, and only the last has a higher speed.

The tram

Art. 1 does list the tram under «voertuigen», but it falls outside «motorvoertuigen»: those are «bestemd om anders dan langs rails te worden voortbewogen». The tram driver is a road user and a driver, and rules that address «motorvoertuigen» do not reach him.

Where the exam meets him most is priority — the tram has exceptions of its own, and they live in the priority lesson. What counts here: he cannot swerve, he brakes over a far longer distance, and art. 52 says that anyone wishing to pass a stationary tram or bus on the boarding side must give the passengers the opportunity to get on and off.

The vehicle with priority

This too is a category from art. 1 and not a make of car: «voorrangsvoertuig: motorvoertuig dat de optische en geluidssignalen voert als bedoeld in artikel 29». A police car without those signals is an ordinary car.

Which signals those are is stated by art. 29: drivers of motor vehicles used by the police and fire service, by emergency medical services and by other designated rescue services show «blauw zwaai-, flits- of knipperlicht en een tweetonige hoorn om kenbaar te maken dat zij een dringende taak vervullen». Light and sound together, not one of the two.

Art. 50 is a single sentence: «Weggebruikers moeten bestuurders van een voorrangsvoertuig voor laten gaan.» It says «weggebruikers», so the cyclist and the pedestrian make room as well. How you do that and what it does not cancel belongs to the priority lesson.

And why that car may drive in a way that is forbidden to you is stated by art. 91: «Bestuurders van een voorrangsvoertuig mogen afwijken van de voorschriften van dit besluit voor zover de uitoefening van hun taak dit vereist.» It may deviate exactly as far as its task requires — it is not a right to drive as it pleases.

Trap: taking a yellow or green flashing light for the same thing. Under art. 30 that belongs to working vehicles and grants no right at all — it only warns.

Rider, animal handler and cart

Art. 1 names them in the same breath as the car: riders, handlers of draught animals or cattle and drivers of a horse-drawn or hand-drawn cart are road users, and since they are not pedestrians they are drivers as well. Priority from the right applies to them exactly as it does to you.

The rider has a path of his own. Art. 8 lid 1: «Ruiters gebruiken het ruiterpad.» Lid 2: if there is none, the verge or the carriageway. The bridle path is marked by sign G09.

Two rules about animals come up often. Art. 51 lid 1: «Het is verboden rij- of trekdieren of vee zonder toezicht op de weg los te laten lopen.» And art. 36 fixes the lighting: «Ruiters en geleiders van rij- of trekdieren en vee moeten bij dag, indien het zicht ernstig wordt belemmerd, en bij nacht een lantaarn meevoeren die naar voren wit of geel licht en naar achteren rood licht moet stralen.»

Exam situation: on a country road a herd is being driven along the carriageway. What do you do? You are a driver facing a driver: pass calmly, without the horn, and reckon with animals stepping sideways without warning.

Trap: treating a horse as a vehicle that responds to your input. It responds to sound and movement, and those are exactly what you have to keep down.

Tractor, MMBS and mobile machine

Agricultural and forestry tractors, motor vehicles of limited speed and mobile machines form the slow group together, and they have a maximum of their own. Art. 22a: «geldt als maximumsnelheid voor landbouw- en bosbouwtrekkers, motorrijtuigen met beperkte snelheid en mobiele machines, al dan niet met aanhangwagen: 25 km per uur». The second lid turns that into 40 km per hour: outside the built-up area always, and inside it on roads with a segregated cycle path or cycle/moped path, on roads closed to cyclists and on roads where 70 km per hour applies.

Sign C08 shuts out all three: «Gesloten voor landbouw- en bosbouwtrekkers, motorrijtuigen met beperkte snelheid en mobiele machines» — agricultural and forestry tractors, motor vehicles of limited speed and mobile machines.

Exam situation: outside the built-up area you come up behind a tractor with a wide trailer. How big is the speed difference? You are doing up to 80, he does 40 at best — the overtaking point arrives faster than it feels.

Trap: memorising one number for the tractor. There are two, and the road decides which one.

Convoys, processions and funeral cortèges

Art. 16 is a single sentence: «Weggebruikers mogen militaire colonnes en uitvaartstoeten van motorvoertuigen niet doorsnijden.» It says «weggebruikers», so the ban binds cyclists and pedestrians too. And it says nothing about priority: it is a prohibition on you, not a right of theirs.

What a military convoy is, art. 1 explains: «een aantal zich achter elkaar bevindende militaire dan wel bij een onderdeel van de rampenbestrijdingsorganisatie in gebruik zijnde motorvoertuigen, onder één commandant, die de door Onze Minister in overeenstemming met Onze Minister van Defensie vastgestelde herkenningstekens voeren». Three features, then, and the third one you see from the road: the marking. A funeral cortège is recognised by the marking required in art. 30c, and art. 31 forbids that marking in any other case — so it is a reliable signal, not a matter of dark cars driving slowly.

On foot such a group is a unit as well. Art. 9: «Voetgangers mogen de rijbaan gebruiken, indien zij een colonne, een optocht of een uitvaartstoet vormen.» And art. 2 lid 3: «De regels van dit besluit betreffende wagens zijn mede van toepassing op door voetgangers gevormde colonnes, optochten en uitvaartstoeten voor zover deze de rijbaan volgen.» The group is then treated as one road user.

Trap: taking any line of lorries or any group of motorcyclists for a convoy. Without a military origin, one commander and the prescribed marking it is ordinary traffic.

Vulnerable road users

Some road users the law names separately, not because they have more rights but because a mistake against them ends differently. Art. 49 lid 1: «Bestuurders moeten blinden, voorzien van een witte stok met één of meer rode ringen, en overigens alle personen die zich moeilijk voortbewegen, voor laten gaan.» This duty is not tied to a crossing: it holds everywhere on the road.

Lid 2 adds the pedestrian and the disability-vehicle driver who are crossing at a pedestrian crossing «of kennelijk op het punt staan zulks te doen» — or are clearly about to. Waiting until someone has stepped onto the asphalt is already too late. Lid 2 has two exceptions. Lid 3: it does not apply to drivers of a motor vehicle in a military convoy or a funeral cortège. Lid 4: nor does it apply when a red pedestrian light or a yellow flashing light is showing for the pedestrian (art. 74 lid 2).

Trap: reading «vulnerable» as «pitiable». It is a category with rules of its own — and the rule in lid 1 is the strongest duty in this lesson.

The helmet and the passengers

Art. 60 lid 1 lists who wears a helmet: «De bestuurder en de passagiers van bromfietsen, snorfietsen, brommobielen zonder gesloten carrosserie, motorfietsen en driewielige motorvoertuigen zonder gesloten carrosserie moeten een goed passende helm dragen». The helmet must be approved and properly fastened on the head with its strap. The snorfiets rider is simply on the list; the closed microcar is not.

Lid 2 sets out the exceptions, among them the rider and the passenger seated behind him on a brombakfiets. Lid 3 forbids carrying passengers under twelve in any way other than the article prescribes.

For passengers on bicycles and mopeds art. 58a applies: passengers younger than 8 are carried only on a suitable and safe seat with support for back, hands and feet, and carrying one person of 8 or older on the luggage rack is allowed to cyclists «met uitzondering van snorfietsers».

Trap: tying the helmet duty to speed. The article names categories, not kilometres.

Who rides where — the overview

Speeds per category

The border between two columns is sign H01, which announces the built-up area.

The highest figure in the table is the statutory default of art. 21; on almost the whole network a sign with a lower value stands there during the day, and the sign goes first.

The T100-bus is the one exception in that row: for it the figure is 100. The microcar uses the carriageway and may do 45. A trailer heavier than 3500 kg does not reach the 90: then 80 km per hour applies (art. 22 onderdeel f). And to enter a motorway you must be able and allowed to do at least 60; for the autoweg that figure is 50.

From what age

The minimum ages are not in the RVV but in art. 110 WVW 1994 and art. 5 of the Reglement rijbewijzen.

Anyone who already holds A2 reaches category A at 22; for three-wheeled motor vehicles of category A the figure is 21.

Trap: thinking 17 is an ordinary age limit. It is an exception that exists only as long as you hold a valid begeleiderspas and really are accompanied.

What to remember

• Settle the category first, the rule second. «Weggebruiker» is everyone, «bestuurder» is everyone except the pedestrian.
• The moped is a vehicle but not a motor vehicle; so is the tram; so is the disability vehicle.
• Anyone wheeling a bicycle or a moped along is a pedestrian.
• Bromfiets: yellow plate, cycle/moped path. Snorfiets: blue plate, and under art. 2b the cyclist's place — the optional cycle path included, with a combustion engine only with the engine off.
• The moped has four speeds and the snorfiets one.
• Cyclists may ride two abreast, snorfiets riders may not.
• The disability vehicle may ride wherever the law admits it, the pavement included — and there it counts as a pedestrian.
• You never cut through a convoy or a funeral cortège; they are not given priority.
• The helmet hangs on the category of the vehicle, not on the speed.

In the law

• art. 1 — definitions of road users, drivers, vehicles, motor vehicles, bromfiets, snorfiets, brommobiel, speed-pedelec, gehandicaptenvoertuig, autobus, lijnbus, T100-bus, vrachtauto, bestelauto, motorfiets and the military convoy.
• art. 2 — when someone counts as a pedestrian, and when a procession counts as a cart.
• art. 2a — the brommobiel follows the rules of the motor vehicle, not those of the moped.
• art. 2b — the snorfiets follows the rules of the bicycle unless stated otherwise.
• art. 3 — keep to the right; cyclists may ride two abreast.
• art. 4 — the pedestrian's place on the road; lid 4 gives skaters and kick-scooter riders a place of their own.
• art. 5 — the place of the cyclist and of the snorfiets.
• art. 6 — the place of the moped.
• art. 7 — the place of the disability vehicle.
• art. 8 — the place of the horse rider.
• art. 9 — pedestrians in a convoy, procession or cortège on the carriageway.
• art. 10 — all other drivers on the carriageway; cycle lanes with solid lines.
• art. 16 — do not cut through military convoys or funeral cortèges.
• art. 20 — maximum speeds inside the built-up area per category.
• art. 21 — maximum speeds outside the built-up area per category.
• art. 22 — special maximum speeds, among them microcar and snorfiets.
• art. 22a — tractors, motor vehicles of limited speed, mobile machines.
• art. 27 — where bicycles and mopeds are parked.
• art. 29 — blue flashing light with two-tone horn: an urgent task.
• art. 30 — yellow or green flashing light belongs to working vehicles.
• art. 30c — the marking of a funeral cortège.
• art. 31 — that marking may not be shown in any other case.
• art. 36 — a lamp for riders and handlers of animals.
• art. 42 — the minimum speed needed to use the motorway and the autoweg.
• art. 49 — blind people and anyone who moves with difficulty; pedestrians at a crossing.
• art. 50 — let the vehicle with priority go first.
• art. 51 — animals are not let loose unsupervised.
• art. 52 — give boarding and alighting passengers their opportunity.
• art. 58a — passengers on bicycles and mopeds.
• art. 60 — the helmet duty and its exceptions.
• art. 74 — the red pedestrian light and the yellow flashing light.
• art. 91 — the vehicle with priority may deviate as far as its task requires.
• art. 110 WVW 1994 and art. 5 Reglement rijbewijzen — minimum ages.